Íîðìàòèâíûå äîêóìåíòû ðàçìåùåíû èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ öåëüþ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ ÂÓÇîâ, òåõíèêóìîâ è ó÷èëèù.
Îáúÿâëåíèÿ:

ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÑÎÞÇÀ ÑÑÐ

ÄÐÅÂÅÑÈÍÀ.
ÑÒÐÎÅÍÈÅ È ÔÈÇÈÊÎ-ÌÅÕÀÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÑÂÎÉÑÒÂÀ

ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ È ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß

ÃÎÑÒ 23431-79
(ÑÒ ÑÝÂ 6830-89)

ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÊÎÌÈÒÅÒ ÑÑÑÐ ÏÎ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒÀÌ

Ìîñêâà

ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÑÎÞÇÀ ÑÑÐ

ÄÐÅÂÅÑÈÍÀ. ÑÒÐÎÅÍÈÅ È ÔÈÇÈÊÎ-ÌÅÕÀÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÑÂÎÉÑÒÂÀ

Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

Wood. Structure
and physico-mechanical properties.
Terms and definitions

ÃÎÑÒ
23431-79*

(ÑÒ ÑÝÂ 6830-89)

Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî êîìèòåòà ÑÑÑÐ ïî ñòàíäàðòàì îò 25 ÿíâàðÿ 1979 ã. ¹ 222 ñðîê ââåäåíèÿ óñòàíîâëåí

ñ 01.01. 1980 ã.

(Èçìåíåííàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ, Èçì. ¹ 4).

Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò óñòàíàâëèâàåò ïðèìåíÿåìûå â íàóêå, òåõíèêå è ïðîèçâîäñòâå òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ îñíîâíûõ ïîíÿòèé, îòíîñÿùèõñÿ ê ñòðîåíèþ è ôèçèêî-ìåõàíè÷åñêèì ñâîéñòâàì äðåâåñèíû.

(Èçìåíåííàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ, Èçì. ¹ 3).

Òåðìèíû, óñòàíîâëåííûå ñòàíäàðòîì, îáÿçàòåëüíû äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ â äîêóìåíòàöèè âñåõ âèäîâ, íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé, ó÷åáíîé è ñïðàâî÷íîé ëèòåðàòóðå.

Äëÿ êàæäîãî ïîíÿòèÿ óñòàíîâëåí îäèí ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûé òåðìèí. Óñòàíîâëåííûå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìîæíî ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè èçìåíÿòü ïî ôîðìå èçëîæåíèÿ, íå äîïóñêàÿ íàðóøåíèÿ ãðàíèö ïîíÿòèé.

 ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà íåîáõîäèìûå è äîñòàòî÷íûå ïðèçíàêè ïîíÿòèÿ ñîäåðæàòñÿ â áóêâàëüíîì çíà÷åíèè òåðìèíà, îïðåäåëåíèå íå ïðèâåäåíî è ñîîòâåòñòâåííî â ãðàôå «Îïðåäåëåíèå» ïîñòàâëåí ïðî÷åðê.

 ñòàíäàðòå â êà÷åñòâå ñïðàâî÷íûõ ïðèâåäåíû èíîñòðàííûå ýêâèâàëåíòû äëÿ ðÿäà ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûõ òåðìèíîâ ïà àíãëèéñêîì (Å) è ôðàíöóçñêîì (F) ÿçûêàõ.

 ñòàíäàðòå ïðèâåäåíû àëôàâèòíûå óêàçàòåëè ñîäåðæàùèõñÿ â íåì òåðìèíîâ íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå è èõ èíîñòðàííûõ ýêâèâàëåíòîâ.

(Èçìåíåííàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ, Èçì. ¹ 1).

Òåðìèí

Îïðåäåëåíèå

Îáùèå ïîíÿòèÿ

1. Äðåâåñèíà

Å. Wood

F. Bois

Ñîâîêóïíîñòü âòîðè÷íûõ òêàíåé (ïðîâîäÿùèõ, ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ è çàïàñàþùèõ), ðàñïîëîæåííûõ â ñòâîëàõ, âåòâÿõ è êîðíÿõ äðåâåñíûõ ðàñòåíèé ìåæäó êîðîé è ñåðäöåâèíîé

1a. Äðåâåñèííîå âåùåñòâî

Å. Wood substance

F. Corps ligneux

Âåùåñòâî, îáðàçóþùåå êëåòî÷íûå ñòåíêè äðåâåñèíû

1á. Õâîéíûå ïîðîäû

E. Coniferous species

F. Essences resineuses

Ïîðîäû, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê ãîëîñåìåííûì ðàñòåíèÿì ñ óçêèìè èãëîâèäíûìè èëè ÷åøóåâèäíûìè ëèñòüÿìè (õâîåé), áîëüøåé ÷àñòüþ âå÷íîçåëåíûå è ñìîëèñòûå; ìàêðîñòðóêòóðà äðåâåñèíû áîëüøèíñòâà ïîðîä õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ íàëè÷èåì ñìîëÿíûõ õîäîâ, õîðîøî çàìåòíûõ ãðàíèö ãîäè÷íûõ ñëîåâ

1â. Ëèñòâåííûå ïîðîäû

E. Leaf-bearing species

F. Essences feuillues

Ïîðîäû, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê ïîêðûòîñåìåííûì ðàñòåíèÿì ñ õîðîøî ðàçâèòûìè ëèñòîâûìè ïëàñòèíêàìè; ìàêðîñòðóêòóðà èõ äðåâåñèíû õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ íàëè÷èåì èëè ñîñóäîâ è (èëè) ñåðäöåâèäíûõ ëó÷åé è (èëè) ðàçìûòûõ ãðàíèö ãîäè÷íûõ ñëîåâ

1â.1. Ðàññåÿííî-ñîñóäèñòûå ïîðîäû

E. Diffuse-porous species

F. Feuillus homogenes

Ïîðîäû, â äðåâåñèíå êîòîðûõ ñîñóäû íåçàâèñèìî îò âåëè÷èíû ðàñïðåäåëåíû ïî ãîäè÷íîìó ñëîþ ñðàâíèòåëüíî ðàâíîìåðíî

1â.2. Êîëüöåñîñóäèñòûå ïîðîäû

E. Ring-porous species

F. Feuillus heterogenes

Ïîðîäû, â äðåâåñèíå êîòîðûõ êðóïíûå ñîñóäû ðàñïîëîæåíû â ðàííèõ çîíàõ ãîäè÷íûõ ñëîåâ

1ã. Ìÿãêèå ëèñòâåííûå ïîðîäû

E. Soft leaf-bearing species

F. Feuillus tendres

Ïîðîäû, ñòàòè÷åñêàÿ òîðöîâàÿ òâåðäîñòü êîòîðûõ 49 Í/ìì2 è ìåíåå

1ä. Òâåðäûå ëèñòâåííûå ïîðîäû

Å. Hard leaf-bearing species

F. Feuillus durs

Ïîðîäû, ñòàòè÷åñêàÿ òîðöîâàÿ òâåðäîñòü êîòîðûõ 50 Í/ìì2 è áîëåå

1e. Ñòðóêòóðà äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood structure

F. Structure du bois

Ñòðîåíèå äðåâåñèíû, õàðàêòåðèçóåìîå âèäîì, ôîðìîé, ðàçìåðàìè è ðàñïîëîæåíèåì àíàòîìè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ

2. Ñåðäöåâèíà

E. Pith

F. Moelle

Óçêàÿ öåíòðàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü ñòâîëîâ è âåòâåé äðåâåñíûõ ðàñòåíèé, ñîñòîÿùàÿ èç ïåðâè÷íûõ ðûõëûõ òêàíåé

2à. Þâåíèëüíàÿ äðåâåñèíà

Å. Juvenile wood

F. Bois juvenile

Îáðàçîâàâøàÿñÿ â ïåðâûå ãîäè ðîñòà äðåâåñèíà, ðàñïîëîæåííàÿ îêîëî ñåðäöåâèíû ñòâîëà è âåòâåé, îáëàäàþùàÿ ôèçèêî-ìåõàíè÷åñêèìè ñâîéñòâàìè, êîòîðûå îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò ñâîéñòâ äðåâåñèíû, ñôîðìèðîâàâøåéñÿ ïîçäíåå

3. Ãîäè÷íûé ñëîé

E. Annual ring

F. Couche de bois annuelle

Ïðèðîñò äðåâåñèíû ñòâîëîâ, âåòâåé è êîðíåé, îáðàçîâàâøèõñÿ çà îäèí ãîä

3à. Ëîæíûé ãîäè÷íûé ñëîé

Å. False ring

F. Fausse couche annuelle d¢accroissement

×àñòü øèðèíû ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ, îòäåëåííàÿ íå÷åòêî âûðàæåííîé ãðàíèöåé; èíîãäà îõâàòûâàåò íå âñþ äëèíó ñëîÿ

3à. Ñëîé ïðèðîñòà

Å. Growth ply

F. Couche d¢accroissement

Ïðèðîñò äðåâåñèíû ñòâîëîâ, âåòâåé è êîðíåé, îáðàçîâàâøèéñÿ çà îäèí âåãåòàöèîííûé ïåðèîä

4. Ïîïåðå÷íûé ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû

Å. Cross section of wood

F. Section transversale du bois

Ðàçðåç, ïðîõîäÿùèé ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíî ê íàïðàâëåíèþ îñíîâíûõ ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ è ïðîâîäÿùèõ ýëåìåíòîâ äðåâåñèíû

5. Ïðîäîëüíûé ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû

E. Longitudinal section

F. Coupe longuitudinale du bois

Ðàçðåç ïî ïëîñêîñòè, ïàðàëëåëüíîé îñíîâíûì ìåõàíè÷åñêèì è ïðîâîäÿùèì òêàíÿì äðåâåñèíû

6. Ðàäèàëüíûé ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû

E. Radial section of wood

F. Section radiale du bois

Ïðîäîëüíûé ðàçðåç ïî ïëîñêîñòè, ïðîõîäÿùåé ÷åðåç ñåðäöåâèíó ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíî êàñàòåëüíîé ê ñëîþ ïðèðîñòà (èëè ãîäè÷íîìó ñëîþ) äðåâåñèíû â òî÷êå êàñàíèÿ

7. Òàíãåíòàëüíûé (òàíãåíöèàëüíûé) ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû

E. Tangential section of wood

F. Section tangentiale du bois

Ïðîäîëüíûé ðàçðåç ïî ïëîñêîñòè, êàñàòåëüíîé ê ñëîþ ïðèðîñòà (èëè ãîäè÷íîìó ñëîþ) äðåâåñèíû

7a. Íàêëîííûé ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû

E. Inclined section of wood

F. Section inclinee du bois

Ðàçðåç ïî ïëîñêîñòè, ïðîõîäÿùèé ïîä ëþáûì óãëîì, ìåíüøèì 90°, ê íàïðàâëåíèþ îñíîâíûõ ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ è ïðîâîäÿùèõ ýëåìåíòîâ äðåâåñèíû

7á. Àíèçîòðîïèÿ äðåâåñèíû

E. Anisotropy of wood

F. Anisotropie du bois

Ðàçëè÷èå ïîêàçàòåëåé ñâîéñòâ äðåâåñèíû ïî íàïðàâëåíèÿì - ðàäèàëüíîìó, òàíãåíòàëüíîìó è âäîëü îñè ñòâîëà

8. Çàãîòîâêà äëÿ îáðàçöîâ äðåâåñèíû

E. Workpiece for sample

F. Empillage pour l¢eprouvette

Åäèíèöà ïðîäóêöèè èëè åå ÷àñòü, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííàÿ äëÿ èçãîòîâëåíèÿ îáðàçöîâ äðåâåñèíû

9. Îáðàçåö äðåâåñèíû äëÿ èñïûòàíèé

E. Test sample of wood

F. Echantillon du bois pour epreuves

Îáðàçåö äðåâåñèíû îïðåäåëåííûõ ðàçìåðîâ è ôîðìû, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ èñïûòàíèé

10. Ìàëûé ÷èñòûé îáðàçåö äðåâåñèíû

E. Small clear sample of wood

F. Eprouvette petite nette du bois

Îáðàçåö ìàëûõ ðàçìåðîâ ñå÷åíèÿ è äëèíû, íå ñîäåðæàùèé âèäèìûõ ïîðîêîâ äðåâåñèíû è âûðåçàåìûé èç çàãîòîâêè

11. Îáðàçåö íàòóðíûõ ðàçìåðîâ

E. Nature-sized sample

F. Echantillon des dimensions d¢apres nature

Îáðàçåö, íå îòëè÷àþùèéñÿ îò åäèíèöû ïðîäóêöèè èëè îòëè÷àþùèéñÿ îò íåå òîëüêî äëèíîé

12. Ñìåæíûå îáðàçöû äðåâåñèíû

E. Adjacent samples

F. Echantillons contingues

Îáðàçöû äëÿ èñïûòàíèÿ, ïîëó÷åííûå èç çàãîòîâêè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûìè ðåçàìè è ñîäåðæàùèå îäíè è òå æå ãîäè÷íûå ñëîè äðåâåñèíû

13. Ðàáî÷àÿ ÷àñòü îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû

E. Workable part of sample

F. Partie de travail d¢eprouvette

×àñòü îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû äëÿ èñïûòàíèé, â êîòîðîé ýôôåêò âîçäåéñòâèÿ èññëåäóåìîãî ôàêòîðà èìååò íàèáîëüøåå çíà÷åíèå

14. Ãðàíü îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû

E. Edge of sample

F. Facette d¢eprouvette

Áîêîâàÿ èëè òîðöîâàÿ ïîâåðõíîñòü îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû

15. Ðåáðî îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû

Å. Arris of sample

F. Cote d¢eprouvette

Ëèíèÿ ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ äâóõ ñìåæíûõ ãðàíåé îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû

16. Êîíäèöèîíèðîâàíèå äðåâåñèíû

E. Conditioning of wood

F. Condicionnement du bois

Âûäåðæèâàíèå äðåâåñèíû ïðè àòìîñôåðíîì äàâëåíèè ïðè ïîñòîÿííûõ çàäàííûõ òåìïåðàòóðå è îòíîñèòåëüíîé âëàæíîñòè âîçäóõà äî äîñòèæåíèÿ ðàâíîâåñíîé âëàæíîñòè

17. Ñêîðîñòü íàãðóæåíèÿ ïðè èñïûòàíèè äðåâåñèíû

Å. Rate of loading during wood testing

Èçìåíåíèå íàãðóçêè íà îáðàçåö â åäèíèöó âðåìåíè â ïðîöåññå èñïûòàíèÿ äðåâåñèíû

18. Ñêîðîñòü äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ïðè èñïûòàíèè äðåâåñèíû

Å. Rate of deformation during wood testing

Èçìåíåíèå ðàçìåðîâ îáðàçöà â íàïðàâëåíèè ïðèëîæåíèÿ íàãðóçêè â åäèíèöó âðåìåíè ïðè èñïûòàíèè äðåâåñèíû

Ìàêðîñòðóêòóðà äðåâåñèíû

19. Ìàêðîñòðóêòóðà äðåâåñèíû

Å. Wood macrostructure

F. Macro-structure du bois

Ñòðóêòóðà äðåâåñèíû, êîòîðóþ ìîæíî èññëåäîâàòü íåâîîðóæåííûì ãëàçîì èëè ñ ïîìîùüþ ëóïû

20. Ðàííÿÿ äðåâåñèíà ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ

Å. Spring-wood

F. Bois hatif

Ñâåòëàÿ è ìåíåå ïëîòíàÿ âíóòðåííÿÿ ÷àñòü ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ, îáðàçîâàííàÿ â íà÷àëå âåãåòàöèîííîãî ïåðèîäà

21. Ïîçäíÿÿ äðåâåñèíà ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ

Å. Summer-wood

F. Bois d¢ete

Òåìíàÿ è ïëîòíàÿ íàðóæíàÿ ÷àñòü ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ, îáðàçîâàííàÿ â êîíöå âåãåòàöèîííîãî ïåðèîäà

21à. Øèðèíà ñëîÿ ïðèðîñòà

E. Growth ply width

F. Largeur de la couche d¢accroissement

Ðàññòîÿíèå â ðàäèàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè ìåæäó ãðàíèöàìè ñìåæíûõ ñëîåâ ïðèðîñòà äðåâåñèíû

22. Øèðèíà ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ äðåâåñèíû

Å. Annual ring width

F. Largeur de couche annuelle

Ðàññòîÿíèå â ðàäèàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè ìåæäó ãðàíèöàìè ñìåæíûõ ãîäè÷íûõ ñëîåâ äðåâåñèíû

23. Ñîäåðæàíèå ïîçäíåé äðåâåñèíû

E. Summer-wood content

F. Contenu du bois d¢ete

Äîëÿ øèðèíû ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ, çàíèìàåìàÿ ïîçäíåé äðåâåñèíîé

24. Çàáîëîíü äðåâåñèíû

E. Sapwood

F. Bois d¢aubier

Íàðóæíàÿ ñâåæåîêðàøåííàÿ ôèçè÷åñêè àêòèâíàÿ çîíà äðåâåñèíû ñòâîëîâ è âåòâåé, ÷àñòü êëåòîê êîòîðîé ñîäåðæèò çàïàñíûå âåùåñòâà

25. ßäðî äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood core

F. Coeur du bois

Âíóòðåííÿÿ, îáû÷íî îêðàøåííàÿ òåìíåå çàáîëîíè, ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêè íåàêòèâíàÿ çîíà äðåâåñèíû ñòâîëîâ è âåòâåé

26. Íàñòîÿùåå ÿäðî äðåâåñèíû

E. True core of wood

F. Coeur du bois vrai

Òåìíîîêðàøåííîå ÿäðî ó äðåâåñíûõ ïîðîä ñ ðåãóëÿðíûì ÿäðîîáðàçîâàíèåì. Ãðàíèöà åãî îáû÷íî ñîâïàäàåò ñ ãîäè÷íûì ñëîåì

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ê ïîðîäàì ñ ðåãóëÿðíûì ÿäðîîáðàçîâàíèåì îòíîñÿòñÿ: ñîñíà, ëèñòâåííèöà, äóá, ÿñåíü è äð.

27. Ëîæíîå ÿäðî äðåâåñèíû

E. Fault core of wood

F. Coeur du bois faux

Òåìíîå íåðàâíîìåðíî îêðàøåííîå ÿäðî ó äðåâåñíûõ ïîðîä ñ íåðåãóëÿðíûì ÿäðîîáðàçîâàíèåì

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ó áåðåçû, áóêà, êëåíà è äð. ãðàíèöà ÿäðà îáû÷íî íå ñîâïàäàåò ñ ãîäè÷íûìè ñëîÿìè

28. Ñïåëàÿ äðåâåñèíà

Å. Ripe-wood

F. Bois mur

ßäðî, íå îòëè÷àþùååñÿ ïî öâåòó îò çàáîëîíè, íî â ðàñòóùåì äåðåâå èìåþùåå ìåíüøóþ âëàæíîñòü.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ê ñïåëîäðåâåñíûì ïîðîäàì îòíîñÿòñÿ: åëü, ïèõòà, ëèïà è äð.

Ôèçèêî-ìåõàíè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà äðåâåñèíû è èõ ïîêàçàòåëè

29. Âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû

Å. Wood moisture content

F. Humidite du bois

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû âîäû, ñîäåðæàùåéñÿ â äðåâåñèíå, ê ìàññå äðåâåñèíû, â ïðîöåíòàõ

31. Àáñîëþòíî ñóõàÿ äðåâåñèíà

E. Oven dry wood

F. Bois sec absolu

Äðåâåñèíà, âûñóøåííàÿ äî ïîñòîÿííîé ìàññû ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 103 ± 2 °Ñ

32. Ñâÿçàííàÿ âîäà äðåâåñèíû

E. Bound moisture

F. Humidite embarassee

Âîäà, ñîäåðæàùàÿñÿ â êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíêàõ äðåâåñèíû

33. Ñâîáîäíàÿ âîäà äðåâåñèíû

E. Free moisture

F. I Humidite libre

Âîäà, ñîäåðæàùàÿñÿ â ïîëîñòÿõ êëåòîê è ìåæêëåòî÷íûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâàõ äðåâåñèíû

34. Ïðåäåë íàñûùåíèÿ êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê

Å. Fiber saturation point

F. Limite de saturation des parois cellulaires

Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ âëàæíîñòü êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê ñâåæåñðóáëåííîé èëè âûäåðæàííîé â âîäå äðåâåñèíû; õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ðàâíîâåñèåì ìåæäó âëàæíîñòüþ êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê è ñâîáîäíîé âîäîé â ïîëîñòÿõ êëåòîê

35. Ãèãðîñêîïè÷íîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood hygroscopicity

F. Higroscopicite du bois

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû èçìåíÿòü âëàæíîñòü â çàâèñèìîñòè îò èçìåíåíèÿ òåìïåðàòóðíî-âëàæíîñòíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ îêðóæàþùåãî âîçäóõà

36. Ïðåäåë ãèãðîñêîïè÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood hygroscopicity limit

F. Limite d¢higroscopicite du bois

Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû, äîñòèãàåìàÿ ïðè ñîðáöèè; õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ðàâíîâåñèåì âëàæíîñòè êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê è âîçäóõà, èìåþùåãî îòíîñèòåëüíóþ âëàæíîñòü 99,5 %

37. Âîäîïîãëîùåíèå äðåâåñèíû

E. Water absorbing capacity of wood

F. Engloussement de 1¢eau

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû ïîãëîùàòü âîäó ïðè íåïîñðåäñòâåííîì êîíòàêòå ñ íåé

38. Ðàâíîâåñíàÿ âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Equilibrium moisture of wood

F. Humidite isotermique du bois

Âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ îïðåäåëåííîìó ñî÷åòàíèþ òåìïåðàòóðû è âëàæíîñòè îêðóæàþùåé âîçäóøíîé ñðåäû

38à. Ñðåäíÿÿ ðàâíîâåñíàÿ âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû

Å. Average equilibrium moisture content of wood

F. Moyenne humidite d¢equilibre dans l¢ambiance normale

Ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå ìåæäó ðàâíîâåñíûìè âëàæíîñòÿìè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ñîðáöèè è äåñîðáöèè, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå îäíîìó è òîìó æå ñî÷åòàíèþ òåìïåðàòóðû è âëàæíîñòè îêðóæàþùåãî âîçäóõà

39. Íîðìàëèçîâàííàÿ âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Normalized wood moisture

F. Humidite normalisee du bois

Ðàâíîâåñíàÿ âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû, ïðèîáðåòàåìàÿ ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 20 ± 2 °Ñ è îòíîñèòåëüíîé âëàæíîñòè ñðåäû 65 ± 5 %

39a. Ïîïðàâî÷íûé êîýôôèöèåíò íà âëàæíîñòü

E. Correction factor of moisture content

F. Coefficient de correction pour l¢humidite

Âåëè÷èíà, õàðàêòåðèçóþùàÿ ñòåïåíü èçìåíåíèÿ ïîêàçàòåëÿ äàííîãî ñâîéñòâà äðåâåñèíû ïðè èçìåíåíèè åå âëàæíîñòè íà 1 % â èíòåðâàëå âëàæíîñòè îò ïðåäåëà íàñûùåíèÿ êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê äî àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ

396. Ïåðåñ÷åòíûé êîýôôèöèåíò

E. Recalculation

F. Facteur de conversion

Îòíîøåíèå çíà÷åíèÿ ïîêàçàòåëÿ äàííîãî ñâîéñòâà äðåâåñèíû ïðè äàííîé âëàæíîñòè ê åãî çíà÷åíèþ ïðè íîðìàëèçîâàííîé âëàæíîñòè

40. Óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood shrinkage

F. Retrait du bois

Óìåíüøåíèå ðàçìåðîâ äðåâåñèíû ïðè óäàëåíèè èç íåå ñâÿçàííîé âîäû

41. Ëèíåéíàÿ óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû

E. Linear wood shrinkage

F. Retrait du bois lineaire

Óìåíüøåíèå ðàçìåðà äðåâåñèíû â îäíîì èç íàïðàâëåíèé ïðè óäàëåíèè èç íåå ñâÿçàííîé âîäû

41a. Òàíãåíòàëüíàÿ (òàíãåíöèàëüíàÿ) óñóøêà

E. Tangential shrinkage of wood

F. Retrait tangentiel du bois

Ëèíåéíàÿ óñóøêà â òàíãåíòàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè

41á. Ðàäèàëüíàÿ óñóøêà

E. Radial shrinkage of wood

F. Retrait radial du bois

Ëèíåéíàÿ óñóøêà â ðàäèàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè

41â. Ïðîäîëüíàÿ óñóøêà

E. Longitudinal shrinkage of wood

F. Retrait longitudinal du bois

Ëèíåéíàÿ óñóøêà âäîëü âîëîêîí

42. Îáúåìíàÿ óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû

E. Volume wood shrinkage

F. Retrait du bois de volume

Óìåíüøåíèå îáúåìà äðåâåñèíû ïðè óäàëåíèè èç íåå ñâÿçàííîé âîäû

43. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû

E. Full wood shrinkage

F. Retrait du bois compel

Óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû ñ íà÷àëüíîé âëàæíîñòüþ, ðàâíîé èëè âûøå ïðåäåëà íàñûùåíèÿ êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê, ïðè âûñóøèâàíèè äî àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ

44. Êîýôôèöèåíò óñóøêè äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood shrinkage factor

F. Coefficient de retrait

Ñðåäíÿÿ óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû ïðè ñíèæåíèè ñîäåðæàíèÿ ñâÿçàííîé âîäû íà 1 % âëàæíîñòè

45. Ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû

E. Swelling of wood

F. Gonflement du bois

Óâåëè÷åíèå ðàçìåðîâ äðåâåñèíû ïðè ïîãëîùåíèè åþ ñâÿçàííîé âîäû

46. Ëèíåéíîå ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû

Å. Linear swelling of wood

F Gonflement du bois lineaire

Óâåëè÷åíèå ðàçìåðà äðåâåñèíû â îäíîì èç íàïðàâëåíèé ïðè ïîâûøåíèè ñîäåðæàíèÿ â íåé ñâÿçàííîé âîäû

46a. Òàíãåíòàëüíîå (òàíãåíöèàëüíîå) ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû

¨. Tangential swelling of wood

F. Conllement tangentiel du bois

Ëèíåéíîå ðàçáóõàíèå â òàíãåíòàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè

466. Ðàäèàëüíîå ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû

E. Radial swelling oà wood

F. Gonflement radial du bois

Ëèíåéíîå ðàçáóõàíèå â ðàäèàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè

46â. Ïðîäîëüíîå ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû

E. Longitudinal swelling of wood

F. Gonflement longitudinal du bois

Ëèíåéíîå ðàçáóõàíèå âäîëü âîëîêîí

47. Îáúåìíîå ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû

E. Volume swelling of wood

F. Gonflement du bois de volume

Óâåëè÷åíèå îáúåìà äðåâåñèíû ïðè ïîâûøåíèè ñîäåðæàíèÿ â íåé ñâÿçàííîé âîäû

48. Ìàêñèìàëüíîå ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû

E. Full swelling of wood

F. Gonflement du bois complet

Ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû ïðè óâëàæíåíèè åå îò àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ äî ïðåäåëà íàñûùåíèÿ êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê

49. Êîýôôèöèåíò ðàçáóõàíèÿ äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood swelling factor

F. Coefficient de gonflement

Ñðåäíåå ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû ïðè ïîâûøåíèè ñîäåðæàíèÿ ñâÿçàííîé âîäû íà 1 % âëàæíîñòè

50. Ïëîòíîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Density of wood

F. Densite du bois

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû äðåâåñèíû ê åå îáúåìó

51. Ïëîòíîñòü äðåâåñèííîãî âåùåñòâà

E. Wood substance density

F. Densite de substance du bois

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû âåùåñòâà, îáðàçóþùåãî êëåòî÷íûå ñòåíêè äðåâåñèíû ê åãî îáúåìó

51à. Ïëîòíîñòü âëàæíîé äðåâåñèíû

E. Density of wet wood

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû äðåâåñèíû ïðè ëþáîé äàííîé âëàæíîñòè ê åå îáúåìó ïðè òîé æå âëàæíîñòè

51á. Ïàðöèàëüíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Density partial

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû àáñîëþòíî ñóõîé äðåâåñèíû ê åå îáúåìó ïðè ëþáîì îïðåäåëåííîì çíà÷åíèè âëàæíîñòè ìåíüøå ïðåäåëà íàñûùåíèÿ êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê

51â. Áàçèñíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Basic density

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû àáñîëþòíî ñóõîé äðåâåñèíû ê åå îáúåìó ïðè âëàæíîñòè, ðàâíîé èëè áîëüøå ïðåäåëà íàñûùåíèÿ êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê

52. Âîçäóõîåìêîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Aircapacity of wood

Îòíîøåíèå ìàêñèìàëüíîãî îáúåìà ïîëîñòåé êëåòîê è ìåæêëåòî÷íûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâ, êîòîðûå ìîãóò áûòü çàïîëíåíû âîçäóõîì, ê îáúåìó äðåâåñèíû ïðè äàííîé âëàæíîñòè

53. Ïëîòíîñòü àáñîëþòíî ñóõîé äðåâåñèíû

E. Absolute dry wood density

F. Densite du bois sec absolu

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû àáñîëþòíî ñóõîé äðåâåñèíû ê åå îáúåìó

53à. Ïîðèñòîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood porosity

Âîçäóõîåìêîñòü äðåâåñèíû â àáñîëþòíî ñóõîì ñîñòîÿíèè

54. Ïðî÷íîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood strength

F. Solidite du bois

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû ñîïðîòèâëÿòüñÿ ðàçðóøåíèþ ïîä äåéñòâèåì ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ íàãðóçîê

55. Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû

E. Ultimate strength of wood

F. Limite de solidite du bois

Íàïðÿæåíèå, ïðè êîòîðîì ðàçðóøàåòñÿ îáðàçåö äðåâåñèíû

56. Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ñòàòè÷åñêîì èçãèáå

Å. Ultimate static bending strength of wood

F. Limite de solidite a flexion statique

-

57. Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ñæàòèè

Å. Ultimate compressive strength of wood

F. Limite de solidite a la compression

-

58. Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ðàñòÿæåíèè

Å. Ultimate tensile strength of wood

F. Limite de solidite a la traktion

-

59. Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ñêàëûâàíèè

Å. Ultimate shear strength of wood

F. Limite de solidite du cassage

-

60. Äåôîðìàòèâíîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood deformity

F. Susceptibilite du bois aux deformations

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû èçìåíÿòü ñâîè ðàçìåðû è ôîðìó ïðè âíåøíèõ âîçäåéñòâèÿõ íàãðóçêè, âëàæíîñòè, òåìïåðàòóðû

61. Òâåðäîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood hardness

F. Durete du bois

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû ñîïðîòèâëÿòüñÿ âíåäðåíèþ â íåå áîëåå òâåðäûõ òåë

62. Ñòàòè÷åñêàÿ òâåðäîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood static hardness

F. Durete statique du bois

Òâåðäîñòü äðåâåñèíû ïðè ïîñòåïåííîì âíåäðåíèè áîëåå òâåðäûõ òåë

63. Óäàðíàÿ òâåðäîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Wood shock hardness

F. Durete de choc

Òâåðäîñòü äðåâåñèíû ïðè ìãíîâåííîì âíåäðåíèè áîëåå òâåðäûõ òåë

64. Óäàðíàÿ âÿçêîñòü äðåâåñèíû

E. Impact strength of wood

F. Viscosite de choc du bois

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû ïîãëîùàòü ýíåðãèþ ïðè óäàðíîì èçãèáå, íà ìàÿòíèêîâîì êîïðå

64a. Âîëîêíèñòûé èçëîì äðåâåñèíû

E. Fibrous fracture

F. Cassure fibreuse du bois

Èçëîì äðåâåñèíû, íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êîòîðîãî âèäíû âûðâàííûå ïó÷êè âîëîêîí

64á. Ãëàäêèé èçëîì äðåâåñèíû

E. Even fracture

F. Cassure lisse

Èçëîì äðåâåñèíû, íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êîòîðîãî âèäíû íåáîëüøèå âûñòóïû è âïàäèíû

65. Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå äðåâåñèíû èñòèðàíèþ

E. Wood resistance to wear

F. Proprietes do resistance a l¢usure

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû ñîïðîòèâëÿòüñÿ ðàçðóøåíèþ îò âîçäåéñòâèÿ òðåíèÿ

66. Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå äðåâåñèíû âûäåðãèâàíèþ ãâîçäåé (øóðóïîâ)

E. Wood resistance to nails and screws withdrawal

F. Resistance a retirer les clou et les vis

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû óäåðæèâàòü ãâîçäè (øóðóïû) ïðè äåéñòâèè îñåâîãî ðàñòÿãèâàþùåãî óñèëèÿ

67. Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå äðåâåñèíû ðàñêàëûâàíèþ

E. Wood resistance to splitting

F. Resistance au fenlage

Ñïîñîáíîñòü äðåâåñèíû ñîïðîòèâëÿòüñÿ ðàçäåëåíèþ ïîä äåéñòâèåì óñèëèé, èìèòèðóþùèõ âíåäðåíèå êëèíà âäîëü âîëîêîí

(Èçìåíåííàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ, Èçì. ¹ 1, 2, 3, 4).

ÀËÔÀÂÈÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ ÒÅÐÌÈÍΠÍÀ ÐÓÑÑÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ

Àíèçîòðîïèÿ äðåâåñèíû                                                                                    7á

Âëàãà äðåâåñèíû ñâîáîäíàÿ                                                                             33

Âëàãà äðåâåñèíû ñâÿçàííàÿ                                                                             32

Âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                                                                        29

Âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû íîðìàëèçîâàííàÿ                                                      39

Âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû ðàâíîâåñíàÿ                                                                38

Âîäîïîãëîùåíèå äðåâåñèíû                                                                            37

Âÿçêîñòü äðåâåñèíû óäàðíàÿ                                                                            64

Ãèãðîñêîïè÷íîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                                                          35

Ãðàíü îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû                                                                                  14

Äåôîðìàòèâíîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                                                           60

Äðåâåñèíà                                                                                                             1

Äðåâåñèííîå âåùåñòâî                                                                                      1à

Äðåâåñèíà àáñîëþòíî ñóõàÿ                                                                              31

Äðåâåñèíà ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ ïîçäíÿÿ                                                                20

Äðåâåñèíà ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ ðàííÿÿ                                                                  21

Äðåâåñèíà ñïåëàÿ                                                                                               28

Çàáîëîíü äðåâåñèíû                                                                                           24

Çàãîòîâêà äëÿ îáðàçöîâ äðåâåñèíû                                                                 8

Èçëîì äðåâåñèíû âîëîêíèñòûé                                                                      64à

Èçëîì äðåâåñèíû ãëàäêèé                                                                                64á

Êîíäèöèîíèðîâàíèå äðåâåñèíû                                                                     16

Êîýôôèöèåíò ïåðåñ÷åòíûé                                                                              39á

Êîýôôèöèåíò ïîïðàâî÷íûé íà âëàæíîñòü                                                   39à

Êîýôôèöèåíò óñóøêè äðåâåñèíû                                                                   44

Êîýôôèöèåíò ðàçáóõàíèÿ äðåâåñèíû                                                             49

Ìàêðîñòðóêòóðà äðåâåñèíû                                                                              19

Îáðàçöû äðåâåñèíû ñìåæíûå                                                                         12

Îáðàçåö íàòóðíûõ ðàçìåðîâ                                                                             11

Îáðàçåö äðåâåñèíû ÷èñòûé ìàëûé                                                                10

Îáðàçåö äðåâåñèíû äëÿ èñïûòàíèé                                                               9

Ïëîòíîñòü àáñîëþòíî ñóõîé äðåâåñèíû                                                         53

Ïëîòíîñòü äðåâåñèííîãî âåùåñòâà                                                                 51

Ïëîòíîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                                                                         50

Âîçäóõîåìêîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                                                               52

Ïëîòíîñòü âëàæíîé äðåâåñèíû                                                                       51à

Ïëîòíîñòü äðåâåñèíû áàçèñíàÿ                                                                       51â

Ïëîòíîñòü äðåâåñèíû ïàðöèàëüíàÿ                                                                51á

Ïîðèñòîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                                                                       53à

Ïîðîäû êîëüöåñîñóäèñòûå                                                                                1â.2

Ïîðîäû ëèñòâåííûå                                                                                           1â

Ïîðîäû ëèñòâåííûå ìÿãêèå                                                                            1ã

Ïîðîäû ëèñòâåííûå òâåðäûå                                                                           1ä

Ïîðîäû ðàññåÿííî-ñîñóäèñòûå                                                                         1â.1

Ïîðîäû õâîéíûå                                                                                                 1á

Ïðåäåë ãèãðîñêîïè÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû                                                            36

Ïðåäåë íàñûùåíèÿ êëåòî÷íûõ ñòåíîê äðåâåñèíû                                     34

Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû                                                                          55

Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ñæàòèè                                                    57

Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ñêàëûâàíèè                                           59

Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ñòàòè÷åñêîì èçãèáå                             56

Ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè äðåâåñèíû ïðè ðàñòÿæåíèè                                            58

Ïðî÷íîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                                                                        54

Ïðîäîëüíàÿ óñóøêà                                                                                            41â

Ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû                                                                                       45

Ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû ëèíåéíîå                                                                    46

Òàíãåíòàëüíîå (òàíãåíöèàëüíîå) ðàçáóõàíèå                                              46à

Ðàäèàëüíîå ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû                                                                 46á

Ðàäèàëüíàÿ óñóøêà                                                                                            41á

Ïðîäîëüíîå ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû                                                                 46â

Ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû îáúåìíîå                                                                    47

Ðàçáóõàíèå äðåâåñèíû ïîëíîå                                                                         48

Ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû íàêëîííûé                                                                          7à

Ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû ïîïåðå÷íûé                                                                        4

Ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû ïðîäîëüíûé                                                                        5

Ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû ðàäèàëüíûé                                                                        6

Ðàçðåç äðåâåñèíû òàíãåíòàëüíûé (òàíãåíöèàëüíûé)                               7

Ðåáðî îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû                                                                                  15

Ñåðäöåâèíà                                                                                                          2

Ñëîé ãîäè÷íûé ëîæíûé                                                                                    3à

Ñëîé äðåâåñèíû ãîäè÷íûé                                                                               3

Ñëîé ïðèðîñòà                                                                                                      3à

Ñîäåðæàíèå ïîçäíåé äðåâåñèíû                                                                     23

Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå äðåâåñèíû âûäåðãèâàíèþ ãâîçäåé (øóðóïîâ)                66

Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå äðåâåñèíû èñòèðàíèþ                                                          65

Ñêîðîñòü äåôîðìàöèè ïðè èñïûòàíèè äðåâåñèíû                                      18

Ñêîðîñòü íàãðóæåíèÿ ïðè èñïûòàíèè äðåâåñèíû                                      17

Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå äðåâåñèíû ðàñêàëûâàíèþ                                                  67

Ñðåäíÿÿ ðàâíîâåñíàÿ âëàæíîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                               38à

Ñòðóêòóðà äðåâåñèíû                                                                                         1å

Òâåðäîñòü äðåâåñèíû                                                                                         61

Òâåðäîñòü äðåâåñèíû ñòàòè÷åñêàÿ                                                                  62

Òâåðäîñòü äðåâåñèíû óäàðíàÿ                                                                          63

Øèðèíà ñëîÿ ïðèðîñòà                                                                                       21à

Øèðèíà ãîäè÷íîãî ñëîÿ äðåâåñèíû                                                               22

Óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû                                                                                             40

Óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû ëèíåéíàÿ                                                                          41

Òàíãåíòàëüíàÿ (òàíãåíöèàëüíàÿ) óñóøêà                                                    41à

Óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû îáúåìíàÿ                                                                          42

Óñóøêà äðåâåñèíû ïîëíàÿ                                                                               43

×àñòü îáðàçöà äðåâåñèíû ðàáî÷àÿ                                                                   13

Þâåíèëüíàÿ äðåâåñèíà                                                                                    2à

ßäðî äðåâåñèíû                                                                                                   25

ßäðî äðåâåñèíû ëîæíîå                                                                                    27

ßäðî äðåâåñèíû íàñòîÿùåå                                                                              26

(Èçìåíåííàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ, Èçì. ¹ 1, 2, 3, 4).

ÝÊÂÈÂÀËÅÍÒÛ ÒÅÐÌÈÍΠÍÀ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ

Absolute dry wood density                                                                                      53

Adjacent samples                                                                                                     12

Anisotropy of wood                                                                                                 7á

Annual ring                                                                                                              3

Annual ring width                                                                                                    22

Arris of sample                                                                                                        15

Average equilibrium moisture content of wood                                                       38a

Bound moisture                                                                                                        32

Conditioning of wood                                                                                              16

Coniferous species                                                                                                  1á

Å. Density of wet wood                                                                                           51a

E. Density partial                                                                                                     51á

E. Basic density                                                                                                       51â

E. Aircapacity                                                                                                          52

E. Wood porosity                                                                                                     53a

Correction factor of moisture content                                                                      39a

Cross section of wood                                                                                             4

Density of wood                                                                                                      50

Diffuse-porous species                                                                                            1â.1

Edge of sample                                                                                                        14

Even fracture                                                                                                           64á

Equilibrium moisture of wood                                                                                 38

False ring                                                                                                                 3à

Fault core wood                                                                                                       27

Fiber saturation point                                                                                               34

Fibrous fracture                                                                                                       64à

Free moisture                                                                                                           33

Full swelling of wood                                                                                             48

Full wood shrinkage                                                                                                43

Growth ply                                                                                                               3a

Growth ply width                                                                                                     21a

Hard leaf-bearing species                                                                                        1ä

Impact strength of wood                                                                                           64

Inclined section of wood                                                                                         7a

Leaf-bearing species                                                                                                1â

Linear swelling of wood                                                                                          46

Linear wood shrinkage                                                                                            41

Longitudinal swelling of wood                                                                                46â

Longitudinal shrinkage of wood                                                                               41â

Longitudinal section                                                                                                 5

Nature-sized sample                                                                                                11

Normalized wood moisture                                                                                     39

Oven dry wood                                                                                                        31

Pith                                                                                                                          2

Radial section of wood                                                                                            6

Radial shrinkage of wood                                                                                        41á

Radial swellinge of wood                                                                                       46á

Rate of deformating during wood testing                                                                 18

Rate of loading during wood testing                                                                        17

Recalculation                                                                                                           39á

Ring-porous species                                                                                                1â.2

Ripe wood                                                                                                               28

Sapwood                                                                                                                  24

Small clear sample of wood                                                                                    10

Spring-wood                                                                                                            21

Soft leaf-bearing species                                                                                         1ã

Summer-wood                                                                                                         20

Summer-wood content                                                                                             23

Swelling of wood                                                                                                    45

Tangential section of wood                                                                                      7

Tangential shrinkage of wood                                                                                  41à

Tangential swelling of wood                                                                                   46a

Test sample of wood                                                                                               9

True core of wood                                                                                                   26

Ultimate compressive strength of wood                                                                   57

Ultimate shear strength of wood                                                                              59

Ultimate static bending strength of wood                                                                 56

Ultimate strength of wood                                                                                        55

Ultimate tensile strength of wood                                                                            58

Volume swelling of wood                                                                                        47

Volume wood shrinkage                                                                                          42

Water absorbing capacity of wood                                                                          37

Wood                                                                                                                       1

Wood core                                                                                                               25

Wood deformity                                                                                                       60

Wood hardness                                                                                                        61

Wood hygroscopicity                                                                                               35

Juvenile wood                                                                                                         2a

Wood hygroscopicity limit                                                                                      36

Wood macrostructure                                                                                               19

Wood moisture content                                                                                            29

Wood resistance to nails and screws withdrawal                                                    66

Wood resistance to splitting                                                                                    67

Wood resistance to wear                                                                                         65

Wood shock hardness                                                                                              63

Wood shrinkage                                                                                                       40

Wood shrinkage factor                                                                                             44

Wood static hardness                                                                                               62

Wood strength                                                                                                          54

Wood structure                                                                                                        1å

Wood substance                                                                                                       1à

Wood swelling factor                                                                                              51

Wood substance density                                                                                           49

Workable part of sample                                                                                         13

Workpiece for sample                                                                                             8

(Èçìåíåííàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ, Èçì. ¹ 1, 2, 3, 4).

ÝÊÂÈÂÀËÅÍÒÛ ÒÅÐÌÈÍΠÍÀ ÔÐÀÍÖÓÇÑÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ

Anisotropie du bois                                                                                                 7á

Bois                                                                                                                         1

Bois d¢aubier                                                                                                           24

Bois d¢ete                                                                                                                 20

Bois hatif                                                                                                                 21

Bois juvenile                                                                                                           2a

Bois mur                                                                                                                  28

Bois sec absolu                                                                                                        31

Cassure fibreuse du bois                                                                                          64a

Cassure lisse                                                                                                            64á

Coefficient de correction pour 1¢humidite                                                               39a

Coefficient de gonflement                                                                                        49

Coefficient de retrait                                                                                                44

Coeur du bois                                                                                                          25

Conditionnement du bois                                                                                         16

Contenu du bois d¢ete                                                                                               23

Corps ligneux                                                                                                           1à

Cote d¢eprouvette                                                                                                     15

Couche d¢accroissement                                                                                          3a

Couche du bois annuelle                                                                                          3

Coupe longuitudinale du bois                                                                                  5

Coeur du bois faux                                                                                                   27

Coeur du bois vrai                                                                                                   26

Densite conditionnelle du bois                                                                                52

Densite de substance du bois                                                                                   51

Densite du bois                                                                                                        50

Densite du bois sec absolu                                                                                      53

Durete du bois                                                                                                         61

Durete de choc                                                                                                         63

Durete statique du bois                                                                                            62

Echantillon du bois pour epreuves                                                                           9

Echantillion des dimensions d¢apres nature                                                             11

Echantillons contingues                                                                                           12

Empillage pour 1¢eprouvette                                                                                    8

Engloussement de 1¢eau                                                                                           37

Eprouvette petite nette du bois                                                                                 10

Essences feuillues                                                                                                    1â

Essences resineuses                                                                                                 1á

Facette d¢eprouvette                                                                                                 14

Facteur de conversion                                                                                              39á

Fausse couche annuelle d¢accroissement                                                                 3à

Feuillus durs                                                                                                            1ä

Feuillus heterogenes                                                                                                1â.2

Feuillus homogenes                                                                                                 1â.1

Feuillus tendres                                                                                                       1ã

Gonflement du bois                                                                                                  45

Gonflement du bois complet                                                                                    48

Gonflement du bois lineaire                                                                                     46

Gonflement longitudinal du bois                                                                              46a

Gonflement tangentiel du bois                                                                                  46á

Gonflement radial du bois                                                                                       46â

Gonflement du bois de volume                                                                                47

Higroscopicite du bois                                                                                            35

Humidite du bois                                                                                                     29

Humidite absolue du bois                                                                                        29a

Humidite embarassee                                                                                               32

Humidite libre                                                                                                         33

Humidite normalisee du bois                                                                                   39

Humidite isotermique du bois                                                                                  38

Humidite relative du bois                                                                                        30

Largeur de couche annuelle                                                                                     22

Largeur de la couche                                                                                                21a

Limite de solidite du bois                                                                                        55

Limite de solidite du cassage                                                                                   59

Limite de solidite a la compression                                                                         57

Limite de solidite a la traktion                                                                                 58

Limite de solidite a flexion statique                                                                         56

Limite d¢higroscopicite du bois                                                                               36

Limite de saturation des parois cellulaires                                                              34

Macro-structure du bois                                                                                           19

Moelle                                                                                                                     2

Ìîóånnå humidite d¢equilibre dans 1¢ambiance normale                                        38à

Partie de travail d¢eprouvette                                                                                  13

Proprietes de resistance a 1¢usure                                                                           65

Resistance an fenlage                                                                                               67

Resistance a retirer les clou et les vis                                                                     66

Retrait du bois                                                                                                         40

Retrait du bois compet                                                                                             43

Retrait du bois lineaire                                                                                            41

Retrait tangentiel du bois                                                                                         41à

Retrait radial du bois                                                                                               41á

Retrait longitudinal du bois                                                                                     41â

Retrait du bois de volume                                                                                        42

Section inclinee du bois                                                                                           7à

Section radiale du bois                                                                                            6

Section tangentiale du bois                                                                                      7

Section transversale du bois                                                                                    4

Solidite du bois                                                                                                       54

Structure du bois                                                                                                      1å

Susceptibilite du bois aux deformations                                                                  60

Viscosite de choc du bois                                                                                        64

(Èçìåíåííàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ, Èçì. ¹ 1, 3).

ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ
Ñïðàâî÷íîå

ÎÁÙÅÁÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ, ÎÒÍÎÑßÙÈÅÑß Ê ÄÐÅÂÅÑÈÍÅ

Òåðìèí

Îïðåäåëåíèå

1. Ñòâîë

Å. Stem

F. Trons

×àñòü äåðåâà îò êîðíåé äî âåðøèíû, íåñóùàÿ íà ñåáå âåòâè

2. Øåéêà êîðíÿ

Å. Root neck

Å. Gou du racine

Ó÷àñòîê ïåðåõîäà ñòâîëà â êîðåíü

3. Îñíîâàíèå êðîíû

Å. Crown base

F. Base de couronne

Ïåðâûå æèâûå âåòâè ñòâîëà

4. Êîýôôèöèåíò ôîðìû ñòâîëà

E. Shape factor

F. Coefficient de forme

Îòíîøåíèå ê äèàìåòðó íà âûñîòå 1,3 ì îò øåéêè êîðíÿ äèàìåòðîâ ó øåéêè êîðíÿ, íà îäíîé ÷åòâåðòè, ïîëîâèíå è òðåõ ÷åòâåðòÿõ âûñîòû ñòâîëà

5. Îäíîðîäíîå íàñàæäåíèå

E. Homogeneous planting

F. Peuplement homogene

Íàñàæäåíèå ëåñà, îäíîðîäíîå ïî äðåâåñíîé, êóñòàðíèêîâîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè è æèâîìó íàïî÷âåííîìó ïîêðîâó

6. Îäíîðîäíûé äðåâîñòîé

Å. Homogeneous stand

F. Nombre des tiges homogenes

Äðåâîñòîé, äåðåâüÿ êîòîðîãî îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò ñðåäíåãî äåðåâà ïî äèàìåòðó íà âûñîòå 1,3 ì îò øåéêè êîðíÿ - îò 0,5 äî 1,8 ïî âûñîòå - îò 0,8 äî 1,15 è ïî îáúåìó - îò 0,221 äî 2,991

7. Âîçðàñò íàñàæäåíèÿ

E. Planting age

F. Age de peuplement

Èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè, íà÷èíàÿ ñ ïåðâîãî ãîäà æèçíè äåðåâà, èçìåðåííûé â êëàññàõ âîçðàñòà

8. Êëàññ âîçðàñòà

E. Age classification

F. Classe d¢age

Åäèíèöà âðåìåíè, ïðèìåíÿåìàÿ äëÿ èçìåðåíèÿ âîçðàñòà íàñàæäåíèé è äðåâîñòîåâ.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Äëÿ õâîéíûõ è òâåðäûõ ëèñòâåííûõ ïîðîä ïîðîñëåâîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ êëàññ âîçðàñòà ðàâåí 10 ãîäàì. Äëÿ áûñòðîðàñòóùèõ äðåâåñíûõ ïîðîä è êóñòàðíèêîâ êëàññ âîçðàñòà ðàâåí 5 ãîäàì

9. Îäíîâîçðàñòíûé äðåâîñòîé

E. Equal aged stand

F. Peuplement d¢age egal

Äðåâîñòîé, äåðåâüÿ êîòîðîãî èìåþò ðàçíèöó â âîçðàñòå, íå ïðåâûøàþùóþ äëèòåëüíîñòè îäíîãî êëàññà âîçðàñòà

10. Ñïîñîá çàêëàäêè ïðîáû

E. Method of sample laying

F. Precede d¢emplacement d¢enreuve

Ìåòîä, èñïîëüçóåìûé ïðè èçó÷åíèè ëåñà è îðãàíèçàöèè â íåì õîçÿéñòâà

11. Ìîäåëüíîå äåðåâî

E Model tree

F. Arbre de modelage

Äåðåâî, îòáèðàåìîå èç íàñàæäåíèÿ äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê äðåâåñèíû

 

2008-2013. ÃÎÑÒû, ÑÍèÏû, ÑàíÏèÍû - Íîðìàòèâíûå äîêóìåíòû - ñòàíäàðòû.